Evaluation of the Causes of Abdominal Right Upper Quadrant Pain using Ultrasound THE THERAPIST

The outermost upper quadrant at the right side of the abdomen is right upper quadrant, also acknowledged as epigastrium. Objective: To evaluate of the causes of abdominal right upper quadrant pain using ultrasound. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at private medical setup of Gujranwala, Pakistan from January 2022 to March 2022. The information required for this study was collected by using ultrasound equipment TOSHIBA XARIO 100 having probe frequency of 3.5Hz. A sample size of 70 patients was considered having abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Highest frequency of RUQ pain was shown in more than 45 years in females 47 (67.1%). The most common diagnosis of patients with RUQ pain was fatty liver disease 27 (38.6%) followed by 11(15.7%). Conclusion: Ultrasound is the gold Cholelithiasis standard modality for diagnosing abdominal organs diseases as it is a cheap, non-invasive and fast modality. Most common diseases diagnosing in patients with RUQ pain is fatty liver (38.6%) in old females (67.1 %). S. T. (2022). Evaluation of the Causes of Abdominal Right Upper Quadrant Pain using Ultrasound: Abdominal Right Upper Quadrant Pain using Ultrasound. THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies &Amp; Rehabilitation Sciences),

The outermost upper quadrant at the right side of the abdomen is right upper quadrant, also acknowledged as epigastrium. Objective: To evaluate of the causes of abdominal right upper quadrant pain using ultrasound. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at private medical setup of Gujranwala, Pakistan from January 2022 to March 2022. The information required for this study was collected by using ultrasound equipment TOSHIBA XARIO 100 having probe frequency of 3.5Hz. A sample size of 70 patients was considered having abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Highest frequency of RUQ pain was shown in more than 45 years in females 47 (67.1%). The most common diagnosis of patients with RUQ pain was fatty liver disease 27 (38.6%) followed by 11(15.7%). Conclusion: Ultrasound is the gold Cholelithiasis standard modality for diagnosing abdominal organs diseases as it is a cheap, non-invasive and fast modality. Most common diseases diagnosing in patients with RUQ pain is fatty liver (38.6%) in old females (67.1 %). pain in RUQ includes hepatic diseases, acute hepatitis, fatty liver disease, G.B stones, Cholecystitis, pancreatitis, renal disorders, right Hydronephrosis, and renal parenchymal lesions [9][10][11]. Pathologies involving liver include hepatitis, a condition of in ammation of liver, categorized as acute or chronic [10,12]. Fatty liver disease is a condition involving deposition of extra fat in the liver. Hepatitis involves in ammation of liver [13]. Pathologies of gall bladder involves stones that are hard deposits and clog the cystic duct [14]. A cute cholecystitis involves abrupt in ammation of gall bladder. Pancreatitis, a condition having in ammation of pancreas [15]. Hydronephrosis is a condition in which urine is unable to drain from kidneys causing dilatation or swelling of calices or renal pelvis [16,17]. Renal stones, also called Urolithiasis are hard structures and are made up of salt and minerals [18,19]. Fluid lled sacs in the kidneys are called renal cysts. These cysts can be simple and complex [20,21]. Ultrasound in the front-line imaging modality used in modern medicine due to its vast availability. It provides quick, real-time and dynamic imaging techniques [22,23]. It is non-invasive, painless imaging modality that uses non-ionizing radiations which causes no harmful effects on the human body. Ultrasound can be escorted to the patient's bedside and it provides expeditious information [24,25]. This study showed the assessment of patients presenting with pain in right upper quadrant. The best modality for diagnosing pain in RUQ is ultrasound. Ultrasound is widely used due to its advantages as it is cheap, fast, and non-invasive. It contains no harms so it can be performed at any age.
It was a descriptive cross-sectional analysis conducted at private medical setup of Gujranwala, Pakistan. Information required for this study was collected from TOSHIBA XARIO 100 with use of probe having frequency of 3.5Hz. This study included patients who presented with RUQ pain while pregnant females are excluded. The outermost upper quadrant at the right side of the abdomen is Right Upper Quadrant, also acknowledged as Epigastrium. The current study evaluates the causes of pain in right upper quadrant (RUQ) which concluded that the highest frequency of age was in more than 45years 25(35.7%) in females. Fatty liver was one of the most dominant diseases in patient's presenting with RUQ pain. A study carried at Khartoum state in 2016 by Elnair also concluded that RUQ pain can lead to different diseases including gall bladder stones, and fatty liver while the current study also included that fatty liver can cause RUQ pain [26]. The current study was done by using ultrasound; it is a safe, easily available and cheap tool for diagnosing pathologies of abdomen. In 2011, Krishnan also found that ultrasound is the best modality for diagnosing diseases in patients presenting with RUQ pain

M E T H O D S
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at private medical setup of Gujranwala, Pakistan from January 2022 to March 2022. The information required for this study was collected by using ultrasound equipment TOSHIBA XARIO 100 having probe frequency of 3.5Hz. This study included patients who presents with RUQ pain while pregnant females are excluded. A sample size of 70 patients has considered from a previous published article. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.

R E S U L T S
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at private medical setup of Gujranwala, Pakistan. The study was organized over a period of three months from January 2022 to March 2022. Table 1 shows age group of respondents categorized as 0-15years 4 (5.7%), 16-30 years 17(24.3%), 31-45 24(34.3%) and more than 45 were 25(35.7%). It demonstrates that the highest frequency of right upper quadrant pain is shown in age group of more than 45 years while least frequency is between 0-15 years.    Table 3 shows pain duration of respondents which demonstrates that pain in RUQ is more common in duration of less than 1 month 41(58.6%) following by less than 12months 11(15.7%).

C O N C L U S I O N
Ultrasound is the gold standard modality for diagnosing abdominal organs diseases as it is a cheap, non-invasive and fast modality. Most common diseases diagnosing in patients with RUQ pain was fatty liver (38.6%), Cholelithiasis and right renal stone was (15.7%).