THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences)

Impact of Exercises on Bone Health of Pre-Menopausal Female

Fahad Tanveer — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The process of bone resorption and creation, in which osteoclasts destroy old bone and osteoblasts produce new bone, causes the living tissue of bone to continually degrade. Bone is a dynamic tissue that adjusts to the accompanying mechanical forces that are put on it, such as exercise. In order to lower the risk of osteoporosis and resultant fractures during the postmenopausal years, with relative-risk rises, it is crucial to maintain appropriate bone mineral density (BMD) levels throughout the premenopausal years. Pre-menopausal women have been found to have osteopenia and osteoporosis at prevalence rates of 15% and 0.6%, respectively [1]. In addition, it has been found that premenopausal women lose between 0.25 and 1% of their bone mineral density per year [2]. In Pakistan, the long-life expectancy after menopause, multiparity, lack of a calcium-rich diet, vitamin D deficiency, physical inactivity, as well as socio-demographic factors, all contribute to an increase in the prevalence of primary, type II osteoporosis and its associated complications. According to a local survey, it affects postmenopausal women 20-49.3% of the time [3]. Although pre-menopausal women are often unsuitable for pharmaceutical treatment, relying on lifestyle factors is virtually always advised.

Exercise, a low-cost, non-pharmacologic intervention that is accessible to the great majority of the population, is one potentially successful lifestyle strategy for accomplishing this aim. During youth, exercise improves bone growth and increases BMD, and it may help older people avoid osteoporosis and fractures. Regular exercise, particularly weight-bearing and high-impact exercises, helps the body build high peak bone mass and may lower the risk of falls and osteoporotic fractures in later life. Regarding femoral neck BMD, high-impact exercise was shown to be most beneficial, and it has also been hypothesized that gains brought on by high-impact exercise are retained after intervention. In healthy pre-menopausal women, high-impact exercise increases the bone mineral density in the upper femur and the lumbar spine. This kind of exercise could be an effective, secure, and affordable strategy to prevent osteoporosis later in life if done regularly. Progressive resistance strength training for the lower limbs is the kind of exercise that have the greatest impact on BMD for the neck of the femur and should be taken into consideration in clinical practice. The multicomponent training exercise programme has been recommended as the most effective intervention for BMD at the spine. Aerobic exercises involving weight bearing and training on vibrating platforms may also improve BMD.

Frequency of Back Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients; A Cross Sectional Study

Nisha Fida, Sana Batool, Maham Javaid, Ashfaq Ahmad — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Osteoarthritis is one of the major prevalent types of arthritis and knee joint is mostly involved site in geriatric patients in which half of the old patients with ages more than 50 years. It was found that these management strategies were effective in the reduction of pain and disturbance of the function induced by chronic low back pain and osteoarthritis. Therefore, the current study seeks to analyze the frequency of backache mainly in the region of low back is associated with the patients having knee osteoarthritis. Objective: To analyze and investigate the relationship amid back pain and knee osteoarthritis (OA) in order to check frequency of backache in knee osteoarthritis patients. Methods: A self-made questionnaires were distributed among the random population of 500 individuals and categorized them according to age, gender, occupation, body mass index, residence, back pain history, severity of pain and pain persistence. SPSS was used to analyze the results. Results: In this cross-sectional study, Back pain was associated significantly with knee osteoarthritis patients such as 310 (62%) individuals claimed to have backache with knee osteoarthritis (OA) as well. Obesity was also related with backache with 219 individuals suffer from backpain from 281 members. 67 patients had severe pain, 77 patients had mild pain and 150 patients experienced moderate pain. Conclusion: Back pain was found more prevalent (62%) from total collected individuals suffering from knee osteoarthritis

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Sports Injuries of Head, Neck and Upper Limb among Cricket Players

Mutahhar Hussain Umar, Sana Batool, Hira Bano Javaid, Zainab Sheraz — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Sports injuries have been reported with growing rate in a quest to identify patterns by which they can be predicted and prevented. Injury investigation in cricket has been started for almost twenty years. Objective: To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal sports injuries of head, neck and upper limb among cricket players. Methods: It was a Cross-sectional study. Data were taken from 180 selected cricket players from different cricket academies, clubs of Lahore Pakistan. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 and with a self-generated questionnaire. Results: This study showed very low prevalence of head and neck injuries which is 5.6 % and very high prevalence of shoulder injuries are seen in this study which is 77.78 %. Elbow injuries are seen 19.4 % while there is a significant association between type of cricketers and shoulder pain. Conclusions: The prevalence of musculoskeletal sports injuries found very high in shoulder joint, then in elbow joint and then in head and neck which has affected their performance. Study also showed a significant correlation between the type of players and shoulder pain

Comparative Effects of Scapular Mobilization Combined with Glenohumeral Mobilization Versus Glenohumeral Mobilization Alone On Pain, Disability and Quality of Life in Frozen Shoulder

Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Frozen shoulder is an idiopathic ailment of a shoulder characterized by the onset of pain in the shoulders with no apparent cause. It is a condition which is associated with pain, weakness of muscles and restricted range of motion for months and years. Objectives: To compare the effects of Glenohumeral mobilization alone and Scapular mobilization combined with Glenohumeral mobilization on pain, disability, and quality of life in frozen shoulder subjects. Methods: Purposive sampling of frozen shoulder patients from OPDs of the Physiotherapy Department of Government hospitals in Faisalabad was used in this quasi-experimental study. Two groups of thirty people with frozen shoulders were established: First and second groups Group 1 received Glenohumeral mobilization alone for four weeks, while group 2 received Scapular mobilization with Glenohumeral mobilization. The Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Shoulder Pain, Disability Scale, and Health Questionnaire were used to assess pain, disability, and quality of life, respectively. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: The data analysis showed that significance value i.e., P-value is 0.05 indicating that there was greater effect of scapular mobilization combined with glenohumeral mobilization as compared to glenohumeral mobilization alone on pain, disability and quality of life in frozen shoulder patients. Conclusions: Scapular mobilization in conjunction with glenohumeral mobilization was more effective at reducing pain, disability, and quality of life in frozen shoulder patients than either technique alone.

Knowledge and Compliance Regarding Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections (CLABSIs) Prevention Among Public and Private Hospital Intensive Care Unit Nurses

Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

CLABSIs are some of the utmost fatal hospital-acquired infections. CLABSIs cost up to $45,000 per infection around the world. CDC reported that in U.S. hospitals around 41,000 preventable CLABSIs occur every year, so the magnitude of the problem could be worse in Pakistan where there are still gaps in documenting the hospital data. Objective: To identify the nurses' knowledge and compliance and their association regarding prevention of CLABSI in public and private sector hospitals of Peshawar. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among 140 Nurses working in Intensive Care Units of (LRH & RMI) who had at least one year of experience. Enumerative or census sampling method was used to take the entire eligible ICU nurses as a sample. Data was collected through a validated and pre pilot tested questionnaire and checklist. Results: Around 30% of the nurses had poor knowledge, 43.6% had an average knowledge, 22.1% good knowledge and only 3.6% had an excellent knowledge regarding CLABSIs. The compliance level was found as 83.6%. Very weak positive association was found between knowledge and compliance level of nurses regarding CLABSIs on Pearson Correlation test (r). Conclusions: The results of this study concluded that nurses were not well equipped with the knowledge regarding CLABSIs, while there was a weak positive relationship between knowledge and compliance level among nurses. Therefore, the findings suggest that nurses need to be updated with standard guidelines and training to prevent CLABSIs.

Gender Comparison of Severity of Pain, Stiffness, And Functional Limitation Among Second Stage Knee Osteoarthritis Patients with Diabetes

Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Osteoarthritis (OA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two medical conditions that frequently exist together and cause poor consequences. OA is described as joint pain and is one of the main reasons for impairment. Diabetes is high levels of glucose in blood because of disruption in insulin metabolism. Objective: To compare gender variations of severity of pain, stiffness and difficulty in functional performance among patients of second stage knee OA with diabetes. Methods: Data were collected from 360 individuals with mean age 52.32 ± 4.989 years for males and 50.73 ± 4.763 years for females. Individuals with definite osteophytes in knee joint and clinically diagnosed DM were included in the study. The severity of stiffness and functional limitation was calculated using WOMAC questionnaire. Results: The mean of pain score was 9.0833 ± 3.04322, stiffness score was 4.3389 ± 1.12446 and the mean of physical function score was 34.0944 ± 8.65135. Overall, 109 patients had less severe symptoms while 71 had more severe symptoms. Among 180 female participants, n=15 had mild, n=139 had moderate and n=26 had severe pain on NPRS. The mean of the pain score was 9.8778 ± 2.90762. The mean of stiffness score was 4.5167 ± 1.28365 and the mean of physical function score was 37.1611 ± 7.98963. Conclusion: Our findings concluded that the gender difference of severity of pain and physical function limitation was statistically significant, but no significant difference was found in severity of stiffness. Also, females with diabetes had more severe symptoms than males with diabetes

Impact Of Stuttering on Identity Construction in Women: SLP Perspective

Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Stuttering is a complex communication disorder characterized by involuntary audible or inaudible stops, repetition, prolongations, blocks, and other symptoms. Objective: To find out the impact of stuttering on identity construction in women through perspective of SLP. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Convenient sampling technique was used. It was conducted through social media platforms or online survey by using a self-designed questionnaire. Duration of the study was four months from March 2022 to June 2022, after the approval of DRC. Sample size was 179 that were taken based on random sampling. Experienced SLPs were included in this study. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS 23 version. Method of statistical were employed which include the descriptive analysis like mean, range, standard deviation, and chi square test. Results: According to the study's findings, stuttering has an impact on every aspect of a woman's life. Results indicated that 90(50.3%) stutters were anxious in speaking in social situations, 66(36.9%) stutters feel difficulty in interpersonal and social interactions, 57(31.8%) stutters had extra, and unnecessary facial movements and 68(38.0%) stutters feel that stuttering is affecting their academics performance. All of these factors suggest that stuttering has a significant impact on a woman's identity. Conclusion: It is concluded from present study that stuttering had negative impact in developing identity in women.

Spiritual Perspectives and Well-Being among Stroke Patients in Rehabilitation Centres of Four Tertiary Care Hospitals of Pakistan

Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Spiritual wellness acknowledges our search for deeper meaning in life. Spirituality can make it easier to cope with the physical and cognitive consequences of a stroke, as well as with any other illness. Objective: To identify spiritual well-being and perspective of stroke patients and its association. Methods: A total of 420 stroke patients with Epi info sample size calculator were selected from the rehabilitation centres of the tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Abbottabad and Swat. Responses recorded through demographic section as well as reliable and validated Likert type quantitative tools in an analytical cross-sectional study. Results: Of the 420 participants, 164 (39%) were female. The Spiritual Index of Well-being Scale (SIWB) had a mean score of 40.83 out of a possible 60 and the Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS) had a mean score of 49.06 out of a possible 60. Spiritual perspectives and well-being were reported to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) with each other and with several of the demographic indices on ANOVA and post hoc tests (Games-Howell). The Pearson association between spiritual perspectives and wellbeing (r) was likewise shown to be positively highly statistically significant (r = 0.530, p < 0.000). Conclusions: The findings of the research complement and justify Reed's theory's theoretical assertions. Spiritual Perspectives and practises serve as a buffer and contribute to the growth of Spiritual Well-being. The inclusion of spiritual health as a component of holistic health during medical interventions has implications.