Prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Its Impact on Daytime Sleepiness: Restless Legs Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Nasir Mehmood; Maryam Iqbal; Rameez Raheem; Suryiakala Perumal Chandran; Waqas Ahmed

doi:10.54393/tt.v6i4.290

Authors

Nasir Mehmood Department of Physical Therapy, The Islamic University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Maryam Iqbal Department of Physical Therapy, The Islamic University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Rameez Raheem Department of Physical Therapy, The Islamic University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Suryiakala Perumal Chandran Department of Biochemistry and Genetics Unit, Lincoln University College, Malaysia
Waqas Ahmed Department of Physiotherapy, Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/tt.v6i4.290

Keywords:

Restless Legs Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Prevalence, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Daytime Sleepiness

Abstract

The sleep-related sensorimotor disorder is known as restless legs syndrome (RLS) and may impair the continuity of sleep and lead to impairment of daytime functioning. Objectives: To measure the prevalence of restless legs syndrome among adult patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellites and to explore the relationship that exists between restless leg syndrome and daytime sleepiness. Methods: A non-probability convenience sample was used to recruit 400 adults (40-59 years) with T2DM and HbA1c level exceeding 6.5 percent in both hospitals, which are called the participants of the study (District Headquarter Hospital, Lodhran, and Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur). The RSL-Diagnostic Index (RLS-DI) was used to screen RLS, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to classify daytime sleepiness. The Pearson chi-square test was used to test the association between RLS and daytime sleepiness; Cramer's V was used to summarize the effect size. The presence of excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS > 10) was also estimated by an unadjusted logistic regression (2×2) using exploratory estimation. Results: 72 had positive results for RLS, and the prevalence was 18.0 (95% CI 13.323.9). ESS categories were: normal 39.0%, mild sleepiness 25.5%, moderate sleepiness 8.5%, and severe sleepiness 27.0%. Distribution of ESS categories did not differ significantly by RLS status (χ²=0.976, p=0.807; Cramer’s V=0.070). Exploratory analysis dichotomizing ESS suggested no increased odds of excessive daytime sleepiness among participants with RLS. Conclusions: Restless leg syndrome was relatively common among adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in this region, but RLS status was not significantly associated with ESS-derived daytime sleepiness.

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